The term generally used to describe the market in which prices fully reflect all available information is:

The greater fool hypothesis.
Random walk hypothesis.
The size-effect hypothesis.
Efficient markets hypothesis.

Dividends are taxed:

At the investor’s marginal income tax rate.
At a maximum rate of 15%.
Only when the stock is sold.
Dividends are never taxed.

Beta is commonly used as a relative measure of risk. It measures:

Standard deviation of a stock’s price.
The expected total returns of a diversified portfolio.
The unsystematic risk component of an investment.
The risk of a security or portfolio relative to the overall market.

Disability income insurance:

Can cover part of your lost income while you are disabled.
Pays medical expenses associated with a disability.
Should only be purchased by star athletes.
Is primarily for the unemployed.

Long-term care insurance:

Is only for the very elderly.
Can help protect assets from the cost of a nursing home stay.
Is not necessary since Medicare always covers long-term care.
Is always available regardless of your past health history.

Mortgage payments:

Can be completely deducted from income for tax purposes.
Vary from month to month on a fixed rate loan.
Represent high principal payments early in the term of the loan.
Are typically tax deductible to the extent that they represent payment of interest.

Investments in CDs:

Are riskier than investments in stocks.
Are inferior to investments in 8-tracks and vinyl records.
Are always tax deferred.
Are insured by the FDIC, but have generally underperformed stock investments over the long run.

A benchmark asset, commonly considered by investors to be risk-free:

Treasury Bill (T-Bill).
Share of preferred stock.
A Eurobond
A junk bond.